TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 34
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 34
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 34
1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET 34
1.4 CURRENCY AND PRICING 36
1.5 LIMITATIONS 36
1.6 MARKETS COVERED 36
2 MARKET SEGMENTATION 40
2.1 MARKETS COVERED 40
2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE 41
2.3 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 42
2.4 DBMR TRIPOD DATA VALIDATION MODEL 43
2.5 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS WITH KEY OPINION LEADERS 46
2.6 DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID 47
2.7 VENDOR SHARE ANALYSIS 49
2.8 MULTIVARIATE MODELING 50
2.9 FUEL TYPE TIMELINE CURVE 50
2.10 SECONDARY SOURCES 51
2.11 ASSUMPTIONS 51
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 52
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 55
4.1 ANALYSIS OF FUTURE APPLICATIONS 57
4.2 ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN AVIATION 57
4.3 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL PROGRAMS 57
4.4 RESEARCH & INNOVATION ROADMAP FOR AVIATION HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY 58
4.5 RECENT SUPPLY CONTRACTS BY SHELL 58
4.6 STANDARDS 59
4.6.1 OVERVIEW 59
4.6.2 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO) 59
4.6.3 INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) 59
4.6.4 BUREAU OF CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY 59
4.6.5 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 59
4.6.6 EUROPEAN UNION AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY (EASA) 59
4.6.7 CIVIL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OF CHINA (CAAC) 59
4.6.8 UAE GENERAL CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (GCAA) 59
4.7 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 60
4.7.1 OVERVIEW OF VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET 60
4.8 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 61
4.8.1 OVERVIEW 61
4.8.2 HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION (HTL) 61
4.8.3 PYROLYSIS PATHWAYS OR PYROLYSIS-TO-JET (PTJ) 61
4.8.4 TECHNOLOGICAL MATURITY - FUEL READINESS LEVEL AND FEEDSTOCK READINESS LEVEL 62
4.9 IMPACT OF MEGATREND 62
4.10 INNOVATION AND PATENT ANALYSIS 62
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 64
5.1 DRIVERS 66
5.1.1 INCREASING NEED FOR REDUCTION IN GHG EMISSIONS IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 66
5.1.2 INCREASE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION CONSUMPTION OF SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS 66
5.1.3 INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL BY AIRLINES 67
5.1.4 INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFTS 68
5.2 RESTRAINTS 69
5.2.1 INADEQUATE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK AND REFINERIES TO MEET SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL PRODUCTION DEMAND 69
5.2.2 FLUCTUATIONS IN CRUDE OIL PRICES AND CONTAMINATION OF LUBRICANTS 69
5.3 OPPORTUNITIES 70
5.3.1 REDUCTION IN CARBON FOOTPRINT DUE TO LOW CAPABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL 70
5.3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY AND SAFE AVIATION LUBRICANTS 70
5.3.3 RISE IN DEMAND FOR LOW-DENSITY LUBRICANTS FOR REDUCED WEIGHT 71
5.3.4 RISE IN SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR AIRCRAFTS 71
5.4 CHALLENGE 72
5.4.1 THE HIGH COST OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL INCREASES THE OPERATING COST OF AIRLINES 72
6 NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE 73
6.1 OVERVIEW 74
6.2 BIOFUEL 75
6.3 HYDROGEN FUEL 75
6.4 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 76

7 NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 77
7.1 OVERVIEW 78
7.2 HYDROPROCESSED FATTY ACID EASTERS AND FATTY ACIDS - SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE (HEFA-SPK) 79
7.3 FISCHER TROPSCH SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE (FT-SPK) 80
7.4 SYNTHETIC ISO-PARAFFIN FROM FERMENTED HYDROPROCESSED SUGAR (HFS-SIP) 80
7.5 FISCHER TROPSCH (FT) SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE WITH AROMATICS (FT-SPK/A) 81
7.6 ALCOHOL TO JET SPK (ATJ-SPK) 82
7.7 CATALYTIC HYDROTHERMOLYSIS JET (CHJ) 82
8 NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY BLENDING CAPACITY 84
8.1 OVERVIEW 85
8.2 BELOW 30% 86
8.3 30% TO 50% 86
8.4 ABOVE 50% 87
9 NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY BLENDING PLATFORM 88
9.1 OVERVIEW 89
9.2 COMMERCIAL AVIATION 90
9.2.1 BY TYPE 91
9.2.1.1 NARROW BODY AIRCRAFT 91
9.2.1.2 WIDE-BODY AIRCRAFT (WBA) 91
9.2.1.3 VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT (VLA) 91
9.2.1.4 REGIONAL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT (RTA) 91
9.2.2 BY FUEL TYPE 92
9.2.2.1 BIOFUEL 92
9.2.2.2 HYDROGEN 92
9.2.2.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 92
9.3 BUSINESS & GENERAL AVIATION 92
9.3.1 BIOFUEL 93
9.3.2 HYDROGEN 93
9.3.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 93
9.4 MILITARY AVIATION 93
9.4.1 BIOFUEL 94
9.4.2 HYDROGEN 94
9.4.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 94
9.5 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE 94
9.5.1 BIOFUEL 95
9.5.2 HYDROGEN 95
9.5.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 95
10 NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY REGION 96
10.1 NORTH AMERICA 97
10.1.1 U.S. 104
10.1.2 CANADA 107
10.1.3 MEXICO 110
11 NORTH AMERICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET: COMPANY LANDSCAPE 113
11.1 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: NORTH AMERICA 113
12 SWOT ANALYSIS 114
13 COMPANY PROFILES 115
13.1 NESTE 115
13.1.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 115
13.1.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 115
13.1.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 116
13.1.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 116
13.1.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 116
13.2 BP P.L.C. 117
13.2.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 117
13.2.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 118
13.2.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 118
13.2.4 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 119
13.2.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 119
13.3 PREEM AB. 120
13.3.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 120
13.3.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 120
13.3.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 121
13.3.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 121
13.4 CEPSA 122
13.4.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 122
13.4.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 122
13.4.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 123
13.4.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 123

13.5 CHEVRON CORPORATION 124
13.5.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 124
13.5.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 124
13.5.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 125
13.5.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 125
13.5.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 125
13.6 AVFUEL CORPORATION 126
13.6.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 126
13.6.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 126
13.6.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 126
13.7 ENI 127
13.7.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 127
13.7.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 127
13.7.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 128
13.7.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 128
13.8 EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION 129
13.8.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 129
13.8.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 129
13.8.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 130
13.8.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 130
13.9 FULCRUM BIOENERGY 131
13.9.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 131
13.9.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 131
13.9.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 131
13.10 GEVO 132
13.10.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 132
13.10.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 132
13.10.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 133
13.10.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 133
13.11 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 134
13.11.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 134
13.11.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 134
13.11.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 135
13.11.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 135
13.12 HYPOINT INC. 136
13.12.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 136
13.12.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 136
13.12.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 136

13.13 JOHNSON MATTHEY 137
13.13.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 137
13.13.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 137
13.13.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 138
13.13.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 138
13.14 LANZATECH 139
13.14.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 139
13.14.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 139
13.14.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 139
13.15 PROMETHEUS FUELS 140
13.15.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 140
13.15.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 140
13.15.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 140
13.16 SKYNRG 141
13.16.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 141
13.16.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 141
13.16.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 141
13.17 SASOL 143
13.17.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 143
13.17.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 143
13.17.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 144
13.17.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 144
13.18 TOTALENERGIES 145
13.18.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 145
13.18.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 145
13.18.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 146
13.18.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 146
13.19 VELOCYS 147
13.19.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 147
13.19.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 147
13.19.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 148
13.19.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 148
13.20 VIRENT, INC. 149
13.20.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 149
13.20.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 149
13.20.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 149
13.21 WORLD ENERGY 150
13.21.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 150
13.21.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 150
13.21.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 150
13.22 ZEROAVIA, INC. 151
13.22.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 151
13.22.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 151
13.22.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 151
14 QUESTIONNAIRE 152
15 RELATED REPORTS 156

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