TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 34
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 34
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 34
1.3 OVERVIEW OF THE MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET 34
1.4 CURRENCY AND PRICING 36
1.5 LIMITATIONS 36
1.6 MARKETS COVERED 36
2 MARKET SEGMENTATION 40
2.1 MARKETS COVERED 40
2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE 41
2.3 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 42
2.4 DBMR TRIPOD DATA VALIDATION MODEL 43
2.5 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS WITH KEY OPINION LEADERS 46
2.6 DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID 47
2.7 VENDOR SHARE ANALYSIS 49
2.8 MULTIVARIATE MODELING 50
2.9 FUEL TYPE TIMELINE CURVE 50
2.10 SECONDARY SOURCES 51
2.11 ASSUMPTIONS 51
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 52
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 55
4.1 ANALYSIS OF FUTURE APPLICATIONS 57
4.2 ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY WITHIN AVIATION 57
4.3 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL PROGRAMS 57
4.4 RESEARCH & INNOVATION ROADMAP FOR AVIATION HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY 58
4.5 RECENT SUPPLY CONTRACTS BY SHELL 58
4.6 STANDARDS 59
4.6.1 OVERVIEW 59
4.6.2 INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO) 59
4.6.3 INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) 59
4.6.4 BUREAU OF CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY 59
4.6.5 FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION 59
4.6.6 EUROPEAN UNION AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY (EASA) 59
4.6.7 CIVIL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION OF CHINA (CAAC) 59
4.6.8 UAE GENERAL CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY (GCAA) 59
4.7 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 60
4.7.1 OVERVIEW OF VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET 60
4.8 TECHNOLOGY TRENDS 61
4.8.1 OVERVIEW 61
4.8.2 HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION (HTL) 61
4.8.3 PYROLYSIS PATHWAYS OR PYROLYSIS-TO-JET (PTJ) 61
4.8.4 TECHNOLOGICAL MATURITY - FUEL READINESS LEVEL AND FEEDSTOCK READINESS LEVEL 62
4.9 IMPACT OF MEGATREND 62
4.10 INNOVATION AND PATENT ANALYSIS 62
5 MARKET OVERVIEW 64
5.1 DRIVERS 66
5.1.1 INCREASING NEED FOR REDUCTION IN GHG EMISSIONS IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY 66
5.1.2 INCREASE IN AIR TRANSPORTATION CONSUMPTION OF SYNTHETIC LUBRICANTS 66
5.1.3 INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL BY AIRLINES 67
5.1.4 INCREASE IN INVESTMENTS FOR THE GROWTH OF COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFTS 68
5.2 RESTRAINTS 69
5.2.1 INADEQUATE AVAILABILITY OF FEEDSTOCK AND REFINERIES TO MEET SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL PRODUCTION DEMAND 69
5.2.2 FLUCTUATIONS IN CRUDE OIL PRICES AND CONTAMINATION OF LUBRICANTS 69
5.3 OPPORTUNITIES 70
5.3.1 REDUCTION IN CARBON FOOTPRINT DUE TO LOW CAPABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL 70
5.3.2 DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY AND SAFE AVIATION LUBRICANTS 70
5.3.3 RISE IN DEMAND FOR LOW-DENSITY LUBRICANTS FOR REDUCED WEIGHT 71
5.3.4 RISE IN SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR AIRCRAFTS 71
5.4 CHALLENGE 72
5.4.1 THE HIGH COST OF SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL INCREASES THE OPERATING COST OF AIRLINES 72
6 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY FUEL TYPE 73
6.1 OVERVIEW 74
6.2 BIOFUEL 75
6.3 HYDROGEN FUEL 75
6.4 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 76

7 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY 77
7.1 OVERVIEW 78
7.2 HYDROPROCESSED FATTY ACID EASTERS AND FATTY ACIDS - SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE (HEFA-SPK) 79
7.3 FISCHER TROPSCH SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE (FT-SPK) 80
7.4 SYNTHETIC ISO-PARAFFIN FROM FERMENTED HYDROPROCESSED SUGAR (HFS-SIP) 80
7.5 FISCHER TROPSCH (FT) SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE WITH AROMATICS (FT-SPK/A) 81
7.6 ALCOHOL TO JET SPK (ATJ-SPK) 82
7.7 CATALYTIC HYDROTHERMOLYSIS JET (CHJ) 82
8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY BLENDING CAPACITY 84
8.1 OVERVIEW 85
8.2 BELOW 30% 86
8.3 30% TO 50% 86
8.4 ABOVE 50% 87
9 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY BLENDING PLATFORM 88
9.1 OVERVIEW 89
9.2 COMMERCIAL AVIATION 90
9.2.1 BY TYPE 91
9.2.1.1 NARROW BODY AIRCRAFT 91
9.2.1.2 WIDE-BODY AIRCRAFT (WBA) 91
9.2.1.3 VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT (VLA) 91
9.2.1.4 REGIONAL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT (RTA) 91
9.2.2 BY FUEL TYPE 92
9.2.2.1 BIOFUEL 92
9.2.2.2 HYDROGEN 92
9.2.2.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 92
9.3 BUSINESS & GENERAL AVIATION 92
9.3.1 BIOFUEL 93
9.3.2 HYDROGEN 93
9.3.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 93
9.4 MILITARY AVIATION 93
9.4.1 BIOFUEL 94
9.4.2 HYDROGEN 94
9.4.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 94
9.5 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE 94
9.5.1 BIOFUEL 95
9.5.2 HYDROGEN 95
9.5.3 POWER TO LIQUID FUEL 95
10 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET, BY REGION 96
10.1 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 97
10.1.1 SOUTH AFRICA 104
10.1.2 SAUDI ARABIA 107
10.1.3 ISRAEL 110
10.1.4 EGYPT 113
10.1.5 REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 116
11 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA SUSTAINABLE AVIATION FUEL MARKET: COMPANY LANDSCAPE 117
11.1 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA 117
12 SWOT ANALYSIS 118
13 COMPANY PROFILES 119
13.1 NESTE 119
13.1.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 119
13.1.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 119
13.1.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 120
13.1.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 120
13.1.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 120
13.2 BP P.L.C. 121
13.2.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 121
13.2.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 122
13.2.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 122
13.2.4 SERVICE PORTFOLIO 123
13.2.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 123
13.3 PREEM AB. 124
13.3.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 124
13.3.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 124
13.3.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 125
13.3.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 125
13.4 CEPSA 126
13.4.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 126
13.4.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 126
13.4.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 127
13.4.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 127
13.5 CHEVRON CORPORATION 128
13.5.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 128
13.5.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 128
13.5.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 129
13.5.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 129
13.5.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 129
13.6 AVFUEL CORPORATION 130
13.6.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 130
13.6.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 130
13.6.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 130
13.7 ENI 131
13.7.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 131
13.7.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 131
13.7.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 132
13.7.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 132
13.8 EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION 133
13.8.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 133
13.8.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 133
13.8.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 134
13.8.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 134
13.9 FULCRUM BIOENERGY 135
13.9.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 135
13.9.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 135
13.9.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 135
13.10 GEVO 136
13.10.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 136
13.10.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 136
13.10.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 137
13.10.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 137
13.11 HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 138
13.11.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 138
13.11.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 138
13.11.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 139
13.11.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 139
13.12 HYPOINT INC. 140
13.12.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 140
13.12.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 140
13.12.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 140

13.13 JOHNSON MATTHEY 141
13.13.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 141
13.13.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 141
13.13.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 142
13.13.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 142
13.14 LANZATECH 143
13.14.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 143
13.14.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 143
13.14.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 143
13.15 PROMETHEUS FUELS 144
13.15.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 144
13.15.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 144
13.15.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 144
13.16 SKYNRG 145
13.16.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 145
13.16.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 145
13.16.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 145
13.17 SASOL 147
13.17.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 147
13.17.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 147
13.17.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 148
13.17.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 148
13.18 TOTALENERGIES 149
13.18.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 149
13.18.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 149
13.18.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 150
13.18.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 150
13.19 VELOCYS 151
13.19.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 151
13.19.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 151
13.19.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 152
13.19.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 152
13.20 VIRENT, INC. 153
13.20.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 153
13.20.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 153
13.20.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 153
13.21 WORLD ENERGY 154
13.21.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 154
13.21.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 154
13.21.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 154
13.22 ZEROAVIA, INC. 155
13.22.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 155
13.22.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 155
13.22.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 155
14 QUESTIONNAIRE 156
15 RELATED REPORTS 160

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